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<!-- generate table of contents -->
<front> <front>
<title abbrev="RTP Payload Format for VP9">RTP Payload Format for VP9 <title abbrev="RTP Payload Format for VP9">RTP Payload Format for VP9
Video</title> Video</title>
<seriesInfo name="RFC" value="9628"/>
<author fullname="Justin Uberti" initials="J." surname="Uberti"> <author fullname="Justin Uberti" initials="J." surname="Uberti">
<organization abbrev="Google">Google, Inc.</organization> <organization abbrev="Google">Google, Inc.</organization>
<address> <address>
<postal> <postal>
<street>747 6th Street South</street> <street>747 6th Street South</street>
<city>Kirkland</city> <city>Kirkland</city>
<region>WA</region> <region>WA</region>
<code>98033</code> <code>98033</code>
<country>United States of America</country>
<country>USA</country>
</postal> </postal>
<email>justin@uberti.name</email> <email>justin@uberti.name</email>
</address> </address>
</author> </author>
<author fullname="Stefan Holmer" initials="S." surname="Holmer"> <author fullname="Stefan Holmer" initials="S." surname="Holmer">
<organization abbrev="Google">Google, Inc.</organization> <organization abbrev="Google">Google, Inc.</organization>
<address> <address>
<postal> <postal>
<street>Kungsbron 2</street> <street>Kungsbron 2</street>
<code>111 22</code> <code>111 22</code>
<city>Stockholm</city> <city>Stockholm</city>
<country>Sweden</country> <country>Sweden</country>
</postal> </postal>
<email>holmer@google.com</email> <email>holmer@google.com</email>
</address> </address>
</author> </author>
<author fullname="Magnus Flodman" initials="M." surname="Flodman"> <author fullname="Magnus Flodman" initials="M." surname="Flodman">
<organization abbrev="Google">Google, Inc.</organization> <organization abbrev="Google">Google, Inc.</organization>
<address> <address>
<postal> <postal>
<street>Kungsbron 2</street> <street>Kungsbron 2</street>
<code>111 22</code> <code>111 22</code>
<city>Stockholm</city> <city>Stockholm</city>
<country>Sweden</country> <country>Sweden</country>
</postal> </postal>
<email>mflodman@google.com</email> <email>mflodman@google.com</email>
</address> </address>
</author> </author>
<author fullname="Danny Hong" initials="D." surname="Hong">
<author fullname="Danny Hong" initials="D." surname="Hong">
<organization abbrev="Google">Google, Inc.</organization> <organization abbrev="Google">Google, Inc.</organization>
<address> <address>
<postal> <postal>
<street>1585 Charleston Road</street> <street>1585 Charleston Road</street>
<city>Mountain View</city> <city>Mountain View</city>
<region>CA</region> <region>CA</region>
<code>94043</code> <code>94043</code>
<country>United States of America</country>
<country>US</country>
</postal> </postal>
<email>dannyhong@google.com</email> <email>dannyhong@google.com</email>
</address> </address>
</author> </author>
<author fullname="Jonathan Lennox" initials="J." surname="Lennox"> <author fullname="Jonathan Lennox" initials="J." surname="Lennox">
<organization abbrev="8x8 / Jitsi">8x8, Inc. / Jitsi</organization> <organization abbrev="8x8 / Jitsi">8x8, Inc. / Jitsi</organization>
<address> <address>
<postal> <postal>
<street/> <street/>
<city>Jersey City</city> <city>Jersey City</city>
<region>NJ</region> <region>NJ</region>
<code>07302</code> <code>07302</code>
<country>United States of America</country>
<country>US</country>
</postal> </postal>
<email>jonathan.lennox@8x8.com</email> <email>jonathan.lennox@8x8.com</email>
</address> </address>
</author> </author>
<date year="2024" month="August" />
<date/>
<area>RAI</area> <area>RAI</area>
<workgroup>AVTCore Working Group</workgroup> <workgroup>AVTCore Working Group</workgroup>
<keyword>RFC</keyword>
<keyword>Request for Comments</keyword>
<keyword>RTP</keyword> <keyword>RTP</keyword>
<keyword>VP9</keyword> <keyword>VP9</keyword>
<keyword>WebM</keyword> <keyword>WebM</keyword>
<abstract> <abstract>
<t>This specification describes an RTP payload format for the VP9 video co dec. <t>This specification describes an RTP payload format for the VP9 video co dec.
The payload format has wide applicability, as it supports applications The payload format has wide applicability as it supports applications
from low bit-rate peer-to-peer usage, to high bit-rate video from low bitrate peer-to-peer usage to high bitrate video
conferences. It includes provisions for temporal and spatial scalability. </t> conferences. It includes provisions for temporal and spatial scalability. </t>
</abstract> </abstract>
</front> </front>
<middle> <middle>
<section anchor="intro" title="Introduction"> <section anchor="intro" numbered="true" toc="default">
<t>This specification describes an <xref target="RFC3550">RTP</xref> paylo <name>Introduction</name>
ad specification applicable to the
transmission of video streams encoded using the VP9 video codec <xref
target="VP9-BITSTREAM"/>. The format described in this document can be use
d
both in peer-to-peer and video conferencing applications.</t>
<t>The VP9 video codec was developed by Google, and is the <t>This document describes an <xref target="RFC3550"
successor to its earlier <xref target="RFC6386">VP8</xref> format="default">RTP</xref> payload specification applicable to the
codec. Above the compression improvements and other general transmission of video streams encoded using the VP9 video codec <xref
enhancements above VP8, VP9 is also designed in a way that target="VP9-BITSTREAM" format="default"/>. The format described in this
allows spatially-scalable video encoding.</t> document can be used both in peer-to-peer and video conferencing
applications.</t>
<t>The VP9 video codec was developed by Google and is the successor to
its earlier <xref target="RFC6386" format="default">VP8</xref> codec.
Above the compression improvements and other general enhancements to
VP8, VP9 is also designed in a way that allows spatially scalable video
encoding.</t>
</section> </section>
<section anchor="conventions" <section anchor="conventions" numbered="true" toc="default">
title="Conventions, Definitions and Acronyms"> <name>Conventions</name>
<t>The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", <t>
"SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT The key words "<bcp14>MUST</bcp14>", "<bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14>",
RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be "<bcp14>REQUIRED</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHALL</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHALL
interpreted as described in BCP 14 <xref target="RFC2119"/> NOT</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14>", "<bcp14>SHOULD NOT</bcp14>",
<xref target="RFC8174"/> when, and only when, "<bcp14>RECOMMENDED</bcp14>", "<bcp14>NOT RECOMMENDED</bcp14>",
they appear in all capitals, as shown here.</t> "<bcp14>MAY</bcp14>", and "<bcp14>OPTIONAL</bcp14>" in this document are
</section> to be interpreted as described in BCP&nbsp;14 <xref target="RFC2119"/>
<xref target="RFC8174"/> when, and only when, they appear in all capitals,
as shown here.
</t>
<section anchor="mediaFormatDescription" title="Media Format Description"> </section>
<section anchor="mediaFormatDescription" numbered="true" toc="default">
<name>Media Format Description</name>
<t>The VP9 codec can maintain up to eight reference frames, of <t>The VP9 codec can maintain up to eight reference frames, of
which up to three can be referenced by any new frame.</t> which up to three can be referenced by any new frame.</t>
<t>VP9 also allows a frame to use another frame of a different <t>VP9 also allows a frame to use another frame of a different
resolution as a reference frame. (Specifically, a frame may use resolution as a reference frame. (Specifically, a frame may use
any references whose width and height are between 1/16th that of any references whose width and height are between 1/16th that of
the current frame and twice that of the current frame, the current frame and twice that of the current frame,
inclusive.) This allows internal resolution changes without inclusive.) This allows internal resolution changes without
requiring the use of key frames.</t> requiring the use of keyframes.</t>
<t>These features together enable an encoder to <t>These features together enable an encoder to
implement various forms of coarse-grained scalability, implement various forms of coarse-grained scalability,
including temporal, spatial and quality scalability modes, as including temporal, spatial, and quality scalability modes, as
well as combinations of these, without the need for explicit well as combinations of these, without the need for explicit
scalable coding tools.</t> scalable coding tools.</t>
<t>Temporal layers define different frame rates of video; <t>Temporal layers define different frame rates of video;
spatial and quality layers define different and possibly dependent spatial and quality layers define different and possibly dependent
representations of a single input frame. Spatial layers allow representations of a single input frame. Spatial layers allow
a frame to be encoded at different resolutions, whereas a frame to be encoded at different resolutions, whereas
quality layers allow a frame to be encoded at the same quality layers allow a frame to be encoded at the same
resolution but at different qualities (and thus with different resolution but at different qualities (and, thus, with different
amounts of coding error). VP9 supports quality layers as amounts of coding error). VP9 supports quality layers as
spatial layers without any resolution changes; hereinafter, spatial layers without any resolution changes; hereinafter,
the term "spatial layer" is used to represent both spatial and the term "spatial layer" is used to represent both spatial and
quality layers.</t> quality layers.</t>
<t>This payload format specification defines how such <t>This payload format specification defines how such
temporal and spatial scalability layers can be described and temporal and spatial scalability layers can be described and
communicated.</t> communicated.</t>
<t>Temporal and spatial scalability layers are associated with
<t>Temporal and spatial scalability layers are associated with
non-negative integer IDs. The lowest layer of either type has an non-negative integer IDs. The lowest layer of either type has an
ID of 0, and is sometimes referred to as the "base" temporal or ID of 0 and is sometimes referred to as the "base" temporal or
spatial layer.</t> spatial layer.</t>
<t>Layers are designed, and <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be encoded, such that if
<t>Layers are designed, and MUST be encoded, such that if
any layer, and all higher layers, are removed from the bitstream any layer, and all higher layers, are removed from the bitstream
along either the spatial or temporal dimension, the remaining bitstream is along either the spatial or temporal dimension, the remaining bitstream is
still correctly decodable.</t> still correctly decodable.</t>
<t>For terminology, this document uses the term "frame" to refer <t>For terminology, this document uses the term "frame" to refer to a
to a single encoded VP9 frame for a particular resolution/quality, and single encoded VP9 frame for a particular resolution and/or quality, and
"picture" to refer to all the representations (frames) at a single "picture" to refer to all the representations (frames) at a single
instant in time. A picture thus consists of one or more frames, instant in time. Thus, a picture consists of one or more frames,
encoding different spatial layers.</t> encoding different spatial layers.</t>
<t>Within a picture, a frame with spatial layer ID equal to SID, <t>Within a picture, a frame with
where SID > 0, can depend on a frame of the same picture with a lower spat spatial-layer ID equal to S, where S &gt; 0, can depend on a frame
ial layer ID. This of the same picture with a lower spatial-layer ID. This "inter-layer"
"inter-layer" dependency can result in additional coding gain dependency can result in additional coding gain compared to the case
compared to the case where only where only "inter-picture" dependency is used, where a frame
traditional "inter-picture" dependency is used, where a frame depends on p depends on a previously coded frame in time. For simplicity, this
reviously payload format assumes that, within a picture and if inter-layer
coded frame in time. For simplicity, this payload format assumes that, dependency is used, a spatial-layer S frame can depend only on the
within a picture and if inter-layer dependency is used, a spatial layer SI immediately previous spatial-layer S-1 frame, when S &gt; 0.
D frame Additionally, if inter-picture dependency is used, a spatial-layer S
can depend only on the immediately previous spatial layer SID-1 frame, whe frame is assumed to only depend on a previously coded spatial-layer S
n S > 0. Additionally, if frame.</t>
inter-picture dependency is used, a spatial layer SID frame is assumed to
only
depend on a previously coded spatial layer SID frame.</t>
<t>Given above simplifications for inter-layer and inter-picture
dependencies, a flag (the D bit described below) is used to indicate wheth
er a
spatial layer SID frame depends on the spatial layer SID-1 frame. Given t
he D bit, a receiver
only needs to additionally know the inter-picture dependency structure for
a given
spatial layer frame in order to determine its decodability. Two modes
of describing the inter-picture dependency structure are possible:
"flexible mode" and "non-flexible mode". An encoder can only switch
between the two on the first packet of a key frame with temporal
layer ID equal to 0.</t>
<t>In flexible mode, each packet can contain up to 3 reference
indices, which identify all frames referenced by the frame
transmitted in the current packet for inter-picture prediction.
This (along with the D bit) enables a receiver to identify if a frame
is decodable or not and helps it understand the temporal layer
structure.
Since this is signaled in
each packet it makes it possible to have very flexible temporal layer
hierarchies, and scalability structures which are changing dynamically.</t
>
<t>Given the above simplifications for inter-layer and inter-picture
dependencies, a flag (the D bit described below) is used to indicate
whether a spatial-layer SID frame depends on the spatial-layer SID-1
frame. Given the D bit, a receiver only needs to additionally know the
inter-picture dependency structure for a given spatial-layer frame in
order to determine its decodability. Two modes of describing the
inter-picture dependency structure are possible: "flexible mode" and
"non-flexible mode". An encoder can only switch between the two on the
first packet of a keyframe with a temporal-layer ID equal to 0.</t>
<t>In flexible mode, each packet can contain up to three reference indices
,
which identify all frames referenced by the frame transmitted in the
current packet for inter-picture prediction. This (along with the D
bit) enables a receiver to identify if a frame is decodable or not and
helps it understand the temporal-layer structure. Since this is
signaled in each packet, it makes it possible to have very flexible
temporal-layer hierarchies and scalability structures, which are
changing dynamically.</t>
<t>In non-flexible mode, frames are encoded using a fixed, recurring patte rn of dependencies; <t>In non-flexible mode, frames are encoded using a fixed, recurring patte rn of dependencies;
the set of pictures that recur in this pattern is known as a Picture Group (PG). the set of pictures that recur in this pattern is known as a "Picture Grou p" (or "PG").
In this mode, the inter-picture dependencies (the reference In this mode, the inter-picture dependencies (the reference
indices) of the Picture Group MUST be pre-specified as part of the indices) of the PG <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be pre-specified as part of the
scalability structure (SS) data. Scalability Structure (SS) data.
Each Each
packet has an index to refer to one of the described pictures packet has an index to refer to one of the described pictures
in the PG, from which the pictures referenced by the picture transmitted i n the current packet in the PG from which the pictures referenced by the picture transmitted in the current packet
for inter-picture prediction can be identified.</t> for inter-picture prediction can be identified.</t>
<t>(Note: A "Picture Group", as used in this document, <aside>
<t>Note: A "Picture Group" or "PG", as used in this document,
is not the same thing as the term "Group of Pictures" as is not the same thing as the term "Group of Pictures" as
it is traditionally used in video coding, i.e. to mean an it is commonly used in video coding, i.e., to mean an
independently-decoadable run of pictures beginning with a independently decodable run of pictures beginning with a
keyframe.)</t> keyframe.</t>
<t>The SS data can also be used to specify the resolution of each <t>The SS data can also be used to specify the resolution of each
spatial layer present in the VP9 stream for both flexible and non-flexible spatial layer present in the VP9 stream for both flexible and non-flexible
modes.</t> modes.</t></aside>
</section> </section>
<section anchor="payloadFormat" numbered="true" toc="default">
<name>Payload Format</name>
<section anchor="payloadFormat" title="Payload Format">
<t>This section describes how the encoded VP9 bitstream is encapsulated <t>This section describes how the encoded VP9 bitstream is encapsulated
in RTP. To handle network losses usage of RTP/AVPF <xref in RTP. To handle network losses, usage of RTP/AVPF <xref target="RFC4585"
target="RFC4585"/> is RECOMMENDED. All integer fields in the format="default"/> is <bcp14>RECOMMENDED</bcp14>. All integer fields in this
specifications are encoded as unsigned integers in network octet specification are encoded as unsigned integers in network octet
order.</t> order.</t>
<section anchor="RTPHeaderUsage" numbered="true" toc="default">
<name>RTP Header Usage</name>
<t keepWithNext="true">The general RTP payload format for VP9 is depicte
d
below.</t>
<section anchor="RTPHeaderUsage" title="RTP Header Usage"> <figure anchor="figureRTPHeader" title="General RTP Payload Format for
<figure anchor="figureRTPHeader"> VP">
<preamble>The general RTP payload format for VP9 is depicted <artwork type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
below.</preamble>
<artwork><![CDATA[
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|V=2|P|X| CC |M| PT | sequence number | |V=2|P|X| CC |M| PT | sequence number |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| timestamp | | timestamp |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| synchronization source (SSRC) identifier | | synchronization source (SSRC) identifier |
+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+ +=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+
| contributing source (CSRC) identifiers | | contributing source (CSRC) identifiers |
skipping to change at line 322 skipping to change at line 253
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| : | | : |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| | | |
+ | + |
: VP9 payload : : VP9 payload :
| | | |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| : OPTIONAL RTP padding | | : OPTIONAL RTP padding |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
]]></artwork> ]]></artwork>
<postamble>The VP9 payload descriptor will be
described in <xref target="VP9payloadDescriptor"/>; the VP9 payload is
described
in <xref target="VP9-BITSTREAM"/>.
OPTIONAL RTP padding MUST NOT be included unless the P bi
t is set.</postamble>
</figure> </figure>
<t keepWithPrevious="true">See <xref target="VP9payloadDescriptor" forma
t="default"/> for more information on the VP9 payload descriptor;
the VP9 payload is described in <xref target="VP9-BITSTREAM"
format="default"/>. <bcp14>OPTIONAL</bcp14> RTP padding <bcp14>MUST
NOT</bcp14> be included unless the P bit is set.</t>
<t><list style="hanging"> <dl newline="false" spacing="normal">
<t hangText="Marker bit (M):">MUST be set to 1 for the final packet <dt>Marker bit (M):</dt>
of the highest spatial layer frame (the final packet of the picture) <dd>This bit <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be set to 1 for the final packet
, of the highest spatial-layer frame (the final packet of the picture)
and 0 otherwise. Unless spatial scalability is in use for this pict ; otherwise, it <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be set to 0. Unless spatial scalability is
ure, in use for this picture,
this will have the same value as the E bit described below. Note th this bit will have the same value as the E bit described in <xref ta
is bit rget="VP9payloadDescriptor"/>. Note this bit
MUST be set to 1 for the target spatial layer frame <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be set to 1 for the target spatial-layer frame
if a stream is being rewritten to remove higher spatial layers.</t> if a stream is being rewritten to remove higher spatial layers.</dd>
<dt>Payload Type (PT):</dt>
<t hangText="Payload Type (PT):">In line with the policy <dd>In line with the policy in <xref target="RFC3551"
in Section 3 of <xref target='RFC3551'/>, applications sectionFormat="of" section="3" format="default"/>, applications using
using the VP9 RTP payload the VP9 RTP payload profile <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> assign a dynamic
profile MUST assign a dynamic payload type number to be payload type number to be used in each RTP session and provide a
used in each RTP session and provide a mechanism to mechanism to indicate the mapping. See <xref target="SDPParameters"
indicate the mapping. See <xref target="SDPParameters" format="default"/> for the mechanism to be used with the <xref
/> for the mechanism target="RFC8866" format="default">Session Description Protocol
to be used with the <xref target='RFC8866'>Session (SDP)</xref>.</dd>
Description Protocol (SDP)</xref>.</t> <dt>Timestamp:</dt>
<dd>The <xref target="RFC3550" format="default">RTP timestamp</xref> i
<t hangText="Timestamp:">The <xref target="RFC3550">RTP timestamp</x ndicates the time when
ref> indicates the time when
the input frame was sampled, at a clock rate of 90 kHz. If the the input frame was sampled, at a clock rate of 90 kHz. If the
input picture is encoded with multiple layer frames, all of the input picture is encoded with multiple-layer frames, all of the
frames of the picture MUST have the same timestamp.</t> frames of the picture <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> have the same timestamp.</
dd>
<t>If a frame has the VP9 show_frame field set to 0 (i.e. <dt/>
, it is meant only to <dd>If a frame has the VP9 show_frame field set to 0 (i.e., it is
populate a reference buffer, without being output) its meant only to populate a reference buffer without being output), its
timestamp MAY alternatively be set timestamp <bcp14>MAY</bcp14> alternatively be set to be the same as
to be the same as the subsequent frame with show_frame the subsequent frame with show_frame equal to 1. (This will be
equal to 1. (This will convenient for playing out pre-encoded content packaged with VP9
be convenient for playing out pre-encoded content packa "superframes", which typically bundle show_frame==0 frames with a
ged with VP9 "superframes", which subsequent show_frame==1 frame.) Every frame with show_frame==1,
typically bundle show_frame==0 frames with a subsequent however, <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> have a unique timestamp modulo the 2<sup>
show_frame==1 frame.) Every 32</sup>
frame with show_frame==1, however, MUST have a unique t wrap of the field.</dd>
imestamp modulo the 2^32 wrap of </dl>
the field.</t> <t>The remaining RTP Fixed Header Fields (V, P, X, CC, sequence
number, SSRC, and CSRC identifiers) are used as specified in <xref
</list></t> target="RFC3550" sectionFormat="of" section="5.1"
<t>The remaining RTP Fixed Header Fields (V, P, X, CC, format="default"/>.</t>
sequence number, SSRC and CSRC identifiers) are used as
specified in Section 5.1 of <xref
target="RFC3550"/>.</t>
</section> </section>
<section anchor="VP9payloadDescriptor" numbered="true" toc="default">
<name>VP9 Payload Descriptor</name>
<section anchor="VP9payloadDescriptor" title="VP9 Payload Descriptor"> <!--[rfced] Section 4.2: It seems the descriptions following Figure 3
<figure anchor="figureVP9payloadDescriptor"> apply to both Figures 2 and 3. If that is so, might a note of this appear
<preamble>In flexible mode (with the F bit below set to 1), the first somewhere earlier in that section for the ease of the reader?-->
octets
after the RTP header are the VP9 payload descriptor, with the followin
g
structure.</preamble>
<artwork><![CDATA[ <t keepWithNext="true">In flexible mode (with the F bit below set to 1),
the first octets
after the RTP header are the VP9 payload descriptor, with the followin
g
structure.</t>
<figure anchor="figureVP9payloadDescriptor" title="Flexible Mode Format
for VP9 Payload Descriptor">
<artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|I|P|L|F|B|E|V|Z| (REQUIRED) |I|P|L|F|B|E|V|Z| (REQUIRED)
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
I: |M| PICTURE ID | (REQUIRED) I: |M| PICTURE ID | (REQUIRED)
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
M: | EXTENDED PID | (RECOMMENDED) M: | EXTENDED PID | (RECOMMENDED)
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
L: | TID |U| SID |D| (Conditionally RECOMMENDED) L: | TID |U| SID |D| (Conditionally RECOMMENDED)
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ -\ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ -\
P,F: | P_DIFF |N| (Conditionally REQUIRED) - up to 3 times P,F: | P_DIFF |N| (Conditionally REQUIRED) - up to 3 times
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ -/ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ -/
V: | SS | V: | SS |
| .. | | .. |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
]]></artwork>
]]></artwork>
</figure> </figure>
<t keepWithNext="true">In non-flexible mode (with the F bit below set to
<figure anchor="figureVP9payloadDescriptorNonFlexible"> 0), the first octets
<preamble>In non-flexible mode (with the F bit below set to 0), the fi
rst octets
after the RTP header are the VP9 payload descriptor, with the followin g after the RTP header are the VP9 payload descriptor, with the followin g
structure.</preamble> structure.</t>
<figure anchor="figureVP9payloadDescriptorNonFlexible" title="Non-flexib
<artwork><![CDATA[ le Mode Format for VP9 Payload Descriptor">
<artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|I|P|L|F|B|E|V|Z| (REQUIRED) |I|P|L|F|B|E|V|Z| (REQUIRED)
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
I: |M| PICTURE ID | (RECOMMENDED) I: |M| PICTURE ID | (RECOMMENDED)
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
M: | EXTENDED PID | (RECOMMENDED) M: | EXTENDED PID | (RECOMMENDED)
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
L: | TID |U| SID |D| (Conditionally RECOMMENDED) L: | TID |U| SID |D| (Conditionally RECOMMENDED)
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| TL0PICIDX | (Conditionally REQUIRED) | TL0PICIDX | (Conditionally REQUIRED)
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
V: | SS | V: | SS |
| .. | | .. |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
]]></artwork>
]]></artwork>
</figure> </figure>
<dl newline="false" spacing="normal">
<dt>I:</dt>
<dd>Picture ID (PID) present. When set to 1, the
<bcp14>OPTIONAL</bcp14> PID <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be present after the
mandatory first octet and specified as below. Otherwise, PID
<bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> be present. If the V bit was set in the
stream's most recent start of a keyframe (i.e., the SS field was
present) and the F bit is set to 0 (i.e., non-flexible scalability
mode is in use), then this bit <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be set on every
packet.</dd>
<dt>P:</dt>
<dd>Inter-picture predicted frame. When set to 0, the frame does
not utilize inter-picture prediction. In this case, up-switching to
a current spatial layer's frame is possible from a directly lower
spatial-layer frame. P <bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14> also be set to 0 when
encoding a layer synchronization frame in response to a <xref target="
RFC9627" format="default">Layer Refresh Request (LRR)</xref>
message (see <xref target="LRR" format="default"/>). When P is set
to 0, the TID field (described below) <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> also be
set to 0 (if present). Note that the P bit does not forbid
intra-picture, inter-layer prediction from earlier frames of the
same picture, if any.</dd>
<dt>L:</dt>
<t><list style="hanging"> <dd>Layer indices present. When set to 1, the one or two octets
<t hangText="I:">Picture ID (PID) present. When set to one, the following the mandatory first octet and the PID (if present) is as
OPTIONAL PID MUST be present after the mandatory first octet and described by "Layer indices" below. If the F bit (described below)
specified as below. Otherwise, PID MUST NOT be present. If the V bit is set to 1 (indicating flexible mode), then only one octet is
was set in the present for the layer indices. Otherwise, if the F bit is set to 0
stream's most recent start of a keyframe (i.e. the SS field was presen (indicating non-flexible mode), then two octets are present for the
t) and the F bit layer indices.</dd>
is set to 0 (i.e. non-flexible scalability mode is in use), <dt>F:</dt>
then this bit MUST be set on every packet.</t> <dd>Flexible mode. When set to 1, this indicates flexible mode; if th
e
<t hangText="P:">Inter-picture predicted frame. When set to zero, the P bit is also set to 1, then the octets following the mandatory
frame does not utilize inter-picture prediction. In this case, first octet, the PID, and layer indices (if present) are as
up-switching to a current spatial layer's frame is possible from direc described by "reference indices" below. This bit <bcp14>MUST</bcp14>
tly only be set to 1 if the I bit is also set to 1; if the I bit is
lower spatial layer frame. P SHOULD also be set to zero when set to 0, then this bit <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> also be set to 0 and
encoding a layer synchronization frame in response to an <xref target= ignored by receivers. (Flexible mode's reference indices are defined
'I-D.ietf-avtext-lrr'>LRR</xref> message (see <xref target='LRR'/>). as offsets from the Picture ID field, so they would have no meaning
When P is set to zero, the TID field (described below) MUST also if I were not set.) The value of the F bit <bcp14>MUST</bcp14>
be set to 0 (if present). Note that the P bit does not only change on the first packet of a key picture. A "key picture" is
forbid intra-picture, inter-layer prediction from earlier a picture whose base spatial-layer frame is a keyframe, and thus one w
frames of the same picture, if any.</t> hich
completely resets the encoder state. This packet will have its
<t hangText="L:">Layer indices present. When set to one, P bit equal to 0, SID or L bit (described below) equal to 0,
the one or two octets following the mandatory first octet and the PID and B bit (described below) equal to 1.</dd>
(if present) is as described by "Layer indices" below. If the F bit ( <dt>B:</dt>
described below) <dd>Start of a frame. This bit <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be set to 1 if
is set to 1 (indicating flexible mode), then only one octet is present
for the
layer indices. Otherwise if the F bit is set to 0 (indicating non-flex
ible mode),
then two octets are present for the layer indices.</t>
<t hangText="F:">Flexible mode. F set to one indicates
flexible mode and if the P bit is also set to one, then the octets fol
lowing
the mandatory first octet, the PID, and layer indices (if present) are
as described by "Reference indices" below. This MUST only be set to 1
if the I
bit is also set to one; if the I bit is set to zero, then this MUST al
so be
set to zero and ignored by receivers. (Flexible mode's Reference indic
es are defined as offsets
from the Picture ID field, so they would have no meaning if I were not
set.)
The value of this F
bit MUST only change
on the first packet of a key picture. A key picture is a
picture whose base spatial layer frame is a key frame, and
which thus completely resets the encoder state. This
packet will have its P bit
equal to zero, SID or L bit (described below) equal to zero, and B bit
(described below)
equal to 1.</t>
<t hangText="B:">Start of a frame. MUST be set to 1 if
the first payload octet of the RTP packet is the beginning of a the first payload octet of the RTP packet is the beginning of a
new VP9 frame, and MUST NOT be 1 otherwise. Note that this new VP9 frame; otherwise, it <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> be 1. Note that t
frame might not be the first frame of a picture.</t> his
frame might not be the first frame of a picture.</dd>
<t hangText="E:">End of a frame. MUST be set to 1 for the final <dt>E:</dt>
RTP packet of a VP9 frame, and 0 otherwise. This enables a <dd>End of a frame. This bit <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be set to 1 for the
final
RTP packet of a VP9 frame; otherwise, it <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be 0. Th
is enables a
decoder to finish decoding the frame, where it otherwise may need to decoder to finish decoding the frame, where it otherwise may need to
wait for the next packet to explicitly know that the frame is complete . wait for the next packet to explicitly know that the frame is complete .
Note that, if spatial scalability is in use, more frames from the Note that, if spatial scalability is in use, more frames from the
same picture may follow; see the description of the B bit above.</t> same picture may follow; see the description of the B bit above.</dd>
<dt>V:</dt>
<t hangText="V:">Scalability structure (SS) data present. When set <dd>Scalability Structure (SS) data present. When set
to one, the OPTIONAL SS data MUST be present in the payload descriptor to 1, the <bcp14>OPTIONAL</bcp14> SS data <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be prese
. nt in the payload descriptor.
Otherwise, the SS data MUST NOT be present.</t> Otherwise, the SS data <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> be present.</dd>
<dt>Z:</dt>
<t hangText="Z:">Not a reference frame for upper spatial <dd>Not a reference frame for upper spatial layers. If set to 1,
layers. If set to 1, indicates that frames with higher indicates that frames with higher spatial layers SID+1 and greater
spatial layers SID+1 and greater of the current and following pictures of the current and following pictures do not depend on the current
do not depend on the current spatial layer SID frame. This spatial-layer SID frame. This enables a decoder that is targeting a
enables a decoder which is targeting a higher spatial layer higher spatial layer to know that it can safely discard this
to know that it can safely discard this packet's frame packet's frame without processing it, without having to wait for the
without processing it, without having to wait for the "D" D bit in the higher-layer frame (see below).</dd>
bit in the higher-layer frame (see below).</t> </dl>
</list></t>
<t>The mandatory first octet is followed by the extension data fields th at <t>The mandatory first octet is followed by the extension data fields th at
are enabled:<list style="hanging"> are enabled:</t>
<t hangText="M:">The most significant bit of the first octet is an <dl newline="false" spacing="normal">
extension flag. The field MUST be present if the I bit is equal to <dt>M:</dt>
one. If M is set, the PID field MUST contain 15 bits; otherwise, it MU
ST
contain 7 bits. See PID below.</t>
<t hangText="Picture ID (PID):">Picture ID represented in 7 or 15 bits
,
depending on the M bit. This is a running index of the pictures, where
the
sender increments the value by 1 for each picture it sends. (Note how
ever that
because a middlebox can discard pictures where permitted by the scalab
ility structure, Picture IDs
as received by a receiver might not be contiguous.) This
field MUST be present if the I bit is equal to one. If M is set to zer
o,
7 bits carry the PID; else if M is set to one, 15 bits carry
the PID in network byte order.
The sender may choose between a 7- or 15-bit index. The PID SHOULD sta
rt on a
random number, and MUST wrap after reaching the maximum ID (0x7f or 0x
7fff depending on
the index size chosen). The receiver
MUST NOT assume that the number of bits in PID stay the same through t
he
session. If this field transitions from 7-bits to 15-bits, the value
is zero-extended
(i.e. the value after 0x6e is 0x006f); if the field transitions from 1
5 bits to 7 bits,
it is truncated (i.e. the value after 0x1bbe is 0xbf).
</t>
<t>In the non-flexible mode (when the F bit is set to 0), this PID is
used
as an index to the picture group (PG) specified in the SS data below.
In this mode, the
PID of the key frame corresponds to the first specified frame in the
PG. Then subsequent PIDs are mapped to subsequently specified frames
in
the PG (modulo N_G, specified in the SS data below), respectively.</t>
<t>All frames of the same picture MUST have the same PID value.
</t>
<t>Frames (and their corresponding pictures) with the VP9 show_
frame field equal to 0 MUST
have distinct PID values from subsequent pictures with sh
ow_frame equal to 1. Thus,
a Picture as defined in this specification is different t
han a VP9 Superframe.</t>
<t>All frames of the same picture MUST have the same value for
show_frame.</t>
<t hangText="Layer indices:">This information is optional but RECOMMEN
DED
whenever encoding with layers. For both flexible and non-flexible mod
es,
one octet is used to specify a layer frame's temporal layer ID (TID) a
nd spatial layer ID (SID)
as shown both in <xref target="figureVP9payloadDescriptor"/> and <xref
target="figureVP9payloadDescriptorNonFlexible"/>.
Additionally, a bit (U) is used to indicate that the current frame is
a
"switching up point" frame. Another bit (D) is used to indicate wheth
er inter-layer
prediction is used for the current frame.</t>
<t>In the non-flexible mode (when the F bit is set to 0), another octe
t is used
to represent temporal layer 0 index (TL0PICIDX), as depicted in <xref
target="figureVP9payloadDescriptorNonFlexible"/>.
The TL0PICIDX is present so that all minimally required frames - the b
ase temporal layer frames - can be tracked.</t>
<t>The TID and SID fields indicate the temporal and spatial layers and
can help middleboxes and
endpoints quickly identify which layer a packet belongs to.
<list style="hanging">
<t hangText="TID:">The temporal layer ID of current frame. In the c
ase of non-flexible mode,
if PID is mapped to a picture in a specified PG, then
the value of TID MUST match the corresponding TID value of the mappe
d picture in the PG.</t>
<t hangText="U:">Switching up point. If this bit is set to 1 for th
e current picture with temporal
layer ID equal to TID, then "switch up" to a higher frame rate is po
ssible as subsequent higher temporal
layer pictures will not depend on any picture before the current pic
ture (in coding order) with temporal layer
ID greater than TID.</t>
<t hangText="SID:">The spatial layer ID of current frame. Note that <dd>The most significant bit of the first octet is an extension
frames with spatial layer SID > 0 flag. The field <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be present if the I bit is equal
may be dependent on decoded spatial layer SID-1 frame within the sam to one. If M is set, the PID field <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> contain 15
e picture. Different bits; otherwise, it <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> contain 7 bits. See PID
frames of the same picture MUST have distinct spatial lay below.</dd>
er IDs, and frames' spatial layers <dt>Picture ID (PID):</dt>
MUST appear in increasing order within the frame.</t> <dd>Picture ID represented in 7 or 15 bits, depending on the M
bit. This is a running index of the pictures, where the sender
increments the value by 1 for each picture it sends. (Note,
however, that because a middlebox can discard pictures where
permitted by the SS, Picture IDs as received by a
receiver might not be contiguous.) This field <bcp14>MUST</bcp14>
be present if the I bit is equal to one. If M is set to 0, 7 bits
carry the PID; else, if M is set to 1, 15 bits carry the PID in
network byte order. The sender may choose between a 7- or 15-bit
index. The PID <bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14> start on a random number and
<bcp14>MUST</bcp14> wrap after reaching the maximum ID (0x7f or
0x7fff depending on the index size chosen). The receiver <bcp14>MUST
NOT</bcp14> assume that the number of bits in the PID stays the same
through the session. If this field transitions from 7 bits to 15
bits, the value is zero-extended (i.e., the value after 0x6e is
0x006f); if the field transitions from 15 bits to 7 bits, it is
truncated (i.e., the value after 0x1bbe is 0xbf).
</dd>
<dt/>
<dd>In the non-flexible mode (when the F bit is set to 0), this PID
is used as an index to the PG specified in the SS
data below. In this mode, the PID of the keyframe corresponds to
the first specified frame in the PG. Then subsequent PIDs are
mapped to subsequently specified frames in the PG (modulo N_G,
specified in the SS data below), respectively.</dd>
<dt/>
<dd>All frames of the same picture <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> have the same
PID value.</dd>
<dt/>
<dd>Frames (and their corresponding pictures) with the VP9
show_frame field equal to 0 <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> have distinct PID
values from subsequent pictures with show_frame equal to 1. Thus, a
picture (as defined in this specification) is different than a VP9
superframe.</dd>
<dt/>
<dd>All frames of the same picture <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> have the same
value for show_frame.</dd>
<t hangText="D:">Inter-layer dependency used. MUST be set to one if <dt>Layer indices:</dt>
and only if the current spatial layer SID frame <dd>This field is optional but <bcp14>RECOMMENDED</bcp14>
depends on spatial layer SID-1 frame of the same picture, otherwise whenever encoding with layers. For both flexible and non-flexible
MUST be set to zero. For the base layer frame modes, one octet is used to specify a layer frame's temporal-layer
(with SID equal to 0), this D bit MUST be set to zero.</t> ID (TID) and spatial-layer ID (SID) as shown both in <xref
target="figureVP9payloadDescriptor" format="default"/> and <xref
target="figureVP9payloadDescriptorNonFlexible" format="default"/>.
Additionally, a bit (U) is used to indicate that the current frame
is a "switching up point" frame. Another bit (D) is used to
indicate whether inter-layer prediction is used for the current
frame.</dd>
<dt/>
<dd>In the non-flexible mode (when the F bit is set to 0), another
octet is used to represent Temporal Layer 0 Picture Index (8 bits) (TL
0PICIDX), as
depicted in <xref target="figureVP9payloadDescriptorNonFlexible"
format="default"/>. The TL0PICIDX is present so that all minimally
required frames (the base temporal-layer frames) can be
tracked.</dd>
<dt/>
<dd>
<t>The TID and SID fields indicate the temporal and spatial layers
and can help middleboxes and endpoints quickly identify which
layer a packet belongs to.
<t hangText="TL0PICIDX:">8 bits temporal layer zero index. TL0PICIDX </t>
is only present <dl newline="false" spacing="normal">
in the non-flexible mode (F = 0). This is a running index for the t <dt>TID:</dt>
emporal <dd>The temporal-layer ID of the current frame. In the case of
base layer pictures, i.e., the pictures with TID set to 0. If TID i non-flexible mode, if a PID is mapped to a picture in a specified
s larger than 0, PG, then the value of the TID <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> match the
TL0PICIDX indicates which temporal base layer picture the current pi corresponding TID value of the mapped picture in the PG.</dd>
cture depends on. TL0PICIDX MUST be <dt>U:</dt>
incremented by 1 when TID is equal to 0. The index SHOULD start on <dd>Switching up point. If this bit is set to 1 for the current
a random number, and MUST restart picture with a temporal-layer ID equal to value T, then "switching
at 0 after reaching the maximum number 255.</t> up"
</list></t> to a higher frame rate is possible as subsequent higher
temporal-layer pictures will not depend on any picture before
the current picture (in coding order) with a temporal-layer ID
value greater than T.</dd>
<dt>SID:</dt>
<dd>The spatial-layer ID of the current frame. Note that frames
with spatial-layer SID > 0 may be dependent on decoded
spatial-layer SID-1 frame within the same picture. Different
frames of the same picture <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> have distinct
spatial-layer IDs, and frames' spatial layers
<bcp14>MUST</bcp14> appear in increasing order within the
frame.</dd>
<dt>D:</dt>
<dd>Inter-layer dependency is used. D <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be
set to 1 if and only if the current spatial-layer SID frame
depends on spatial-layer SID-1 frame of the same picture;
otherwise, it <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be set to 0. For the
base-layer frame (with SID equal to 0), the D bit
<bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be set to 0.</dd>
<dt>TL0PICIDX:</dt>
<dd>Temporal Layer 0 Picture Index (8 bits). TL0PICIDX is only pres
ent
in the non-flexible mode (F = 0). This is a running index for
the temporal base-layer pictures, i.e., the pictures with a TID
set to 0. If the TID is larger than 0, TL0PICIDX indicates which
temporal base-layer picture the current picture depends on.
TL0PICIDX <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be incremented by 1 when the TID is
equal to 0. The index <bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14> start on a random
number and <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> restart at 0 after reaching the
maximum number 255.</dd>
</dl>
</dd>
<dt>Reference indices:</dt>
<dd>
<t>When P and F are both set to 1, indicating a non-keyframe in
flexible mode, then at least one reference index
<bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be specified as below. Additional reference
indices (a total of up to three reference indices are allowed) may b
e
specified using the N bit below. When either P or F is set to 0,
then no reference index is specified.
</t>
<dl newline="false" spacing="normal">
<dt>P_DIFF:</dt>
<dd>The reference index (in 7 bits) specified as the relative
PID from the current picture. For example, when P_DIFF=3 on a
packet containing the picture with PID 112 means that the
picture refers back to the picture with PID 109. This
calculation is done modulo the size of the PID field, i.e.,
either 7 or 15 bits. A P_DIFF value of 0 is invalid.</dd>
<dt>N:</dt>
<dd>1 if there is additional P_DIFF following the current P_DIFF.<
/dd>
</dl>
</dd>
</dl>
<t hangText="Reference indices:">When P and F are both set to one, ind <section anchor="VP9payloadDescriptorSS" numbered="true" toc="default">
icating a non-key frame in <name>Scalability Structure (SS)</name>
flexible mode, then at least <t>The SS data describes the resolution of
one reference index MUST be specified as below. Additional reference each frame within a picture as well as the inter-picture
indices (total of up to dependencies for a PG. If the VP9 payload
3 reference indices are allowed) may be specified using the N bit belo descriptor's V bit is set, the SS data is present in the position
w. When either P or F is indicated in Figures <xref format="counter" target="figureVP9payloadDe
set to zero, then no reference index is specified. scriptor"/> and <xref target="figureVP9payloadDescriptorNonFlexible" format="cou
<list style="hanging"> nter"/>.</t>
<t hangText="P_DIFF:">The reference index (in 7 bits) specified as t
he
relative PID from the current picture. For example, when P_DIFF=3
on a packet containing the picture with PID 112 means
that the picture refers back to the picture with PID
109. This calculation is done modulo the size of the PID field,
i.e., either 7 or 15 bits. A P_DIFF value of 0 is invalid.</t>
<t hangText="N:">1 if there is additional P_DIFF following the curre
nt P_DIFF.</t>
</list></t>
</list></t>
<section anchor="VP9payloadDescriptorSS" title="Scalability Structure (SS) <figure anchor="figureVP9ScalabilityStructure" title="VP9 Scalability
:"> Structure">
<t>The scalability structure (SS) data describes the resolution of <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
each frame within a picture as well as the inter-picture dependencies
for a picture group (PG). If the VP9 payload descriptor's "V"
bit is set, the SS data is present in the position indicated in
<xref target="figureVP9payloadDescriptor"/> and <xref target="figureVP9p
ayloadDescriptorNonFlexible"/>.</t>
<figure anchor="figureVP9ScalabilityStructure">
<artwork><![CDATA[
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
V: | N_S |Y|G|-|-|-| V: | N_S |Y|G|-|-|-|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ -\ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ -\
Y: | WIDTH | (OPTIONAL) . Y: | WIDTH | (OPTIONAL) .
+ + . + + .
| | (OPTIONAL) . | | (OPTIONAL) .
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ . - N_S + 1 times +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ . - N_S + 1 times
| HEIGHT | (OPTIONAL) . | HEIGHT | (OPTIONAL) .
+ + . + + .
| | (OPTIONAL) . | | (OPTIONAL) .
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ -/ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ -/
G: | N_G | (OPTIONAL) G: | N_G | (OPTIONAL)
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ -\ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ -\
N_G: | TID |U| R |-|-| (OPTIONAL) . N_G: | TID |U| R |-|-| (OPTIONAL) .
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ -\ . - N_G times +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ -\ . - N_G times
| P_DIFF | (OPTIONAL) . - R times . | P_DIFF | (OPTIONAL) . - R times .
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ -/ -/ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ -/ -/
]]></artwork> ]]></artwork>
</figure> </figure>
<t><list style="hanging">
<t hangText="N_S:">N_S + 1 indicates the number of spatial
layers present in the VP9 stream.</t>
<t hangText="Y:">Each spatial layer's frame resolution present.
When set to one, the OPTIONAL WIDTH (2 octets) and HEIGHT
(2 octets) MUST be present for each layer frame. Otherwise, the
resolution MUST NOT be present.</t>
<t hangText="G:">PG description present flag.</t>
<t hangText="-:">Bit reserved for future use. MUST be set to
zero and MUST be ignored by the receiver.</t>
<t hangText="N_G:">N_G indicates the number of pictures in a
Picture Group (PG).
If N_G is greater than 0, then the SS data allows
the inter-picture dependency structure of the VP9 stream to
be pre-declared, rather than indicating it on the fly with
every packet. If N_G is greater than 0, then for N_G
pictures in the PG, each picture's temporal layer ID (TID), switch up
point (U),
and the Reference indices (P_DIFFs) are specified.</t>
<t>The first picture specified in the PG MUST have TID set to 0.</t>
<t>G set to 0 or N_G set to 0 indicates that either there is only one
temporal
layer (for non-flexible mode) or no fixed inter-picture dependency inf
ormation is present
(for flexible mode) going forward in the bitstream.</t>
<t>Note that for a given picture, all frames follow the <!--[rfced] We note that not all fields that appear in Figure 4 are
same inter-picture dependency structure. However, the frame rate described following it. Please review and let us know if text
of each spatial layer can be different from each other and this can (or a pointer to where the reader can get more information on
be described with the use of the D bit described above. The these fields) should be added.
specified dependency structure in the SS data MUST be for the highest
frame rate layer.</t>
</list></t>
<t>In a scalable stream sent with a fixed pattern, the SS data -->
SHOULD be included in the first packet of every key frame. This is a pac <dl newline="false" spacing="normal">
ket <dt>N_S:</dt>
with P bit equal to zero, SID or L bit equal to zero, and B bit equal to <dd>Number of Spatial Layers Minus 1. N_S + 1 indicates the number
1. of spatial
The SS data MUST only be changed on the picture that corresponds to the layers present in the VP9 stream.</dd>
first picture specified in the previous SS data's PG <dt>Y:</dt>
(if the previous SS data's N_G was greater than 0).</t> <dd>Each spatial layer's frame resolution is present.
When set to 1, the <bcp14>OPTIONAL</bcp14> WIDTH (2 octets) and HEIGHT
(2 octets) <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be present for each layer frame. Other
wise, the
resolution <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> be present.</dd>
<dt>G:</dt>
<dd>The PG description present flag.</dd>
<dt>-:</dt>
<dd>A bit reserved for future use. It <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be set
to 0 and <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be ignored by the receiver.</dd>
<dt>N_G:</dt>
<dd>N_G indicates the number of pictures in a PG.
If N_G is greater than 0, then the SS data allows the
inter-picture dependency structure of the VP9 stream to be
pre-declared, rather than indicating it on the fly with every
packet. If N_G is greater than 0, then for N_G pictures in the
PG, each picture's temporal-layer ID (TID), switch up point (U),
and reference indices (P_DIFFs) are specified.</dd>
<dt/>
<dd>The first picture specified in the PG <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> have a
TID set to 0.</dd>
<dt/>
<dd>G set to 0 or N_G set to 0 indicates that either there is only
one temporal layer (for non-flexible mode) or no fixed
inter-picture dependency information is present (for flexible
mode) going forward in the bitstream.</dd>
<dt/>
<dd>Note that for a given picture, all frames follow the same
inter-picture dependency structure. However, the frame rate of
each spatial layer can be different from each other; this can
be described with the use of the D bit described above. The
specified dependency structure in the SS data <bcp14>MUST</bcp14>
be for the highest frame rate layer.</dd>
</dl>
<t>In a scalable stream sent with a fixed pattern, the SS data
<bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14> be included in the first packet of every key
frame. This is a packet with the P bit equal to 0, SID or L bit equal
to 0, and B bit equal to 1. The SS data <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> only
be changed on the picture that corresponds to the first picture
specified in the previous SS data's PG (if the previous SS data's
N_G was greater than 0).</t>
</section>
</section> </section>
</section> <section numbered="true" toc="default">
<name>Frame Fragmentation</name>
<section title="Frame Fragmentation"> <t>VP9 frames are fragmented into packets in RTP sequence number
<t>VP9 frames are fragmented into packets, in RTP sequence order: beginning with a packet with the B bit set and ending with a
number order, beginning with a packet with the E bit set. There is no mechanism for finer-grained
packet with the B bit set, and ending with a packet with the access to parts of a VP9 frame.</t>
E bit set. There is no mechanism for finer-grained
access to parts of a VP9 frame.</t>
</section> </section>
<section numbered="true" toc="default">
<section title="Scalable encoding considerations"> <name>Scalable Encoding Considerations</name>
<t>In addition to the use of reference frames, VP9 has several
<t>In addition to the use of reference frames, VP9 has several
additional forms of inter-frame dependencies, largely additional forms of inter-frame dependencies, largely
involving probability tables for the entropy and tree involving probability tables for the entropy and tree
encoders. In VP9 syntax, the syntax element encoders. In VP9 syntax, the syntax element
"error_resilient_mode" resets this additional inter-frame "error_resilient_mode" resets this additional inter-frame
data, allowing a frame's syntax to be decoded data, allowing a frame's syntax to be decoded
independently.</t> independently.</t>
<t>Due to the requirements of scalable streams, a VP9 encoder
<t>Due to the requirements of scalable streams, a VP9 encoder
producing a scalable stream needs to ensure that a frame does producing a scalable stream needs to ensure that a frame does
not depend on a previous frame (of the same or a previous not depend on a previous frame (of the same or a previous
picture) that can legitimately be removed from the stream. picture) that can legitimately be removed from the stream.
Thus, a frame that follows a frame that might be removed (in full decode Thus, a frame that follows a frame that might be removed (in full decode
order) MUST be encoded with "error_resilient_mode" set to order) <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be encoded with "error_resilient_mode" set to
true.</t> true.</t>
<t>For spatially scalable streams, this means that
<t>For spatially-scalable streams, this means that
"error_resilient_mode" needs to be turned on for the base "error_resilient_mode" needs to be turned on for the base
spatial layer; it can however be turned off for higher spatial spatial layer; however, it can be turned off for higher spatial
layers, assuming they are sent with inter-layer dependency layers, assuming they are sent with inter-layer dependency
(i.e. with the "D" bit set). For streams that are only (i.e., with the D bit set). For streams that are only
temporally-scalable without spatial scalability, temporally scalable without spatial scalability,
"error_resilient_mode" can additionally be turned off for any "error_resilient_mode" can additionally be turned off for any
picture that immediately follows a temporal layer 0 frame.</t> picture that immediately follows a temporal-layer 0 frame.</t>
</section>
</section> <section numbered="true" toc="default">
<name>Examples of VP9 RTP Stream</name>
<section title="Examples of VP9 RTP Stream"> <section numbered="true" toc="default">
<section title="Reference picture use for scalable structure"> <name>Reference Picture Use for Scalable Structure</name>
<t>As discussed in <xref target="mediaFormatDescription" format="defau
<t>As discussed in <xref target="mediaFormatDescription"/>, the lt"/>, the
VP9 codec can maintain up to eight reference frames, of VP9 codec can maintain up to eight reference frames, of
which up to three can be referenced or updated by any new which up to three can be referenced or updated by any new
frame. This section illustrates one way that a scalable frame. This section illustrates one way that a scalable
structure (with three spatial layers and three temporal structure (with three spatial layers and three temporal
layers) can be constructed using these reference layers) can be constructed using these reference
frames.</t> frames.</t>
<table align="center">
<texttable title="Example scalability structure"> <name>Example Scalability Structure</name>
<thead>
<ttcol align="center">Temporal</ttcol> <tr>
<ttcol align="center">Spatial</ttcol> <th align="center">Temporal</th>
<ttcol align="center">References</ttcol> <th align="center">Spatial</th>
<ttcol align="center">Updates</ttcol> <th align="center">References</th>
<c>0</c><c>0</c><c>0</c><c>0</c> <th align="center">Updates</th>
<c>0</c><c>1</c><c>0,1</c><c>1</c> </tr>
<c>0</c><c>2</c><c>1,2</c><c>2</c> </thead>
<c>2</c><c>0</c><c>0</c><c>6</c> <tbody>
<c>2</c><c>1</c><c>1,6</c><c>7</c> <tr>
<c>2</c><c>2</c><c>2,7</c><c>-</c> <td align="center">0</td>
<c>1</c><c>0</c><c>0</c><c>3</c> <td align="center">0</td>
<c>1</c><c>1</c><c>1,3</c><c>4</c> <td align="center">0</td>
<c>1</c><c>2</c><c>2,4</c><c>5</c> <td align="center">0</td>
<c>2</c><c>0</c><c>3</c><c>6</c> </tr>
<c>2</c><c>1</c><c>4,6</c><c>7</c> <tr>
<c>2</c><c>2</c><c>5,7</c><c>-</c> <td align="center">0</td>
<td align="center">1</td>
</texttable> <td align="center">0,1</td>
<td align="center">1</td>
<t>This structure is constructed such that the "U" bit can </tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">0</td>
<td align="center">2</td>
<td align="center">1,2</td>
<td align="center">2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">2</td>
<td align="center">0</td>
<td align="center">0</td>
<td align="center">6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">2</td>
<td align="center">1</td>
<td align="center">1,6</td>
<td align="center">7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">2</td>
<td align="center">2</td>
<td align="center">2,7</td>
<td align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">1</td>
<td align="center">0</td>
<td align="center">0</td>
<td align="center">3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">1</td>
<td align="center">1</td>
<td align="center">1,3</td>
<td align="center">4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">1</td>
<td align="center">2</td>
<td align="center">2,4</td>
<td align="center">5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">2</td>
<td align="center">0</td>
<td align="center">3</td>
<td align="center">6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">2</td>
<td align="center">1</td>
<td align="center">4,6</td>
<td align="center">7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">2</td>
<td align="center">2</td>
<td align="center">5,7</td>
<td align="center">-</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<t>This structure is constructed such that the U bit can
always be set.</t> always be set.</t>
</section>
</section> </section>
</section>
</section> </section>
<section anchor="Feedback" title="Feedback Messages and Header Extensions"> <section anchor="Feedback" numbered="true" toc="default">
<section anchor="RPSI" title="Reference Picture Selection Indication (RPSI <name>Feedback Messages and Header Extensions</name>
)"> <section anchor="RPSI" numbered="true" toc="default">
<t>The reference picture selection index is a payload-specific
<name>Reference Picture Selection Indication (RPSI)</name>
<t>The RPSI is a payload-specific
feedback message defined within the RTCP-based feedback format. The feedback message defined within the RTCP-based feedback format. The
RPSI message is generated by a receiver and can be used in two ways. RPSI message is generated by a receiver and can be used in two ways:
Either it can signal a preferred reference picture when a loss has either it can signal a preferred reference picture when a loss has
been detected by the decoder -- preferably then a reference that the been detected by the decoder (preferably a reference that the decoder
decoder knows is perfect -- or, it can be used as positive feedback knows is perfect) or it can be used as positive feedback information
information to acknowledge correct decoding of certain reference to acknowledge correct decoding of certain reference pictures. The
pictures. The positive feedback method is useful for VP9 used for positive feedback method is useful for VP9 used for point-to-point
point to point (unicast) communication. The use of RPSI for VP9 is prefe (unicast) communication. The use of RPSI for VP9 is preferably
rably combined with a special combined with a special update pattern of the codec's two special
update pattern of the codec's two special reference frames -- the reference frames -- the golden frame and the altref frame -- in which th
golden frame and the altref frame -- in which they are updated in an ey
alternating leapfrog fashion. When a receiver has received and are updated in an alternating leapfrog fashion. When a receiver has
correctly decoded a golden or altref frame, and that frame had a received and correctly decoded a golden or altref frame, and that
Picture ID in the payload descriptor, the receiver can acknowledge this frame had a Picture ID in the payload descriptor, the receiver can
simply by sending an RPSI message back to the sender. The message body acknowledge this simply by sending an RPSI message back to the
(i.e., the "native RPSI bit string" in <xref target="RFC4585"/>) is sender. The message body (i.e., the "native RPSI bit string" in <xref
simply the (7 or 15 bit) Picture ID of the received frame.</t> target="RFC4585" format="default"/>) is simply the (7- or 15-bit)
Picture ID of the received frame.</t>
<t>Note: because all frames of the same picture must have the <aside>
<t>Note: because all frames of the same picture must have the
same inter-picture reference structure, there is no need for a same inter-picture reference structure, there is no need for a
message to specify which frame is being selected.</t> message to specify which frame is being selected.</t></aside>
</section> </section>
<section anchor="FIR" numbered="true" toc="default">
<section title='Full Intra Request (FIR)' anchor="FIR"> <name>Full Intra Request (FIR)</name>
<t>The <xref target="RFC5104" format="default">Full Intra Request (FIR)<
<t>The <xref target='RFC5104'>Full Intra Request (FIR)</xref> /xref>
RTCP feedback message allows a receiver to request a full state r efresh of an encoded stream.</t> RTCP feedback message allows a receiver to request a full state r efresh of an encoded stream.</t>
<t>Upon receipt of a FIR request, a VP9 sender <bcp14>MUST</bcp14>
<t>Upon receipt of an FIR request, a VP9 sender MUST send a send a picture with a keyframe for its spatial-layer 0 layer frame and
picture with a keyframe for its spatial layer 0 layer then send frames without inter-picture prediction (P=0) for any
frame, and then send frames without inter-picture prediction higher-layer frames.</t>
(P=0) for any higher layer frames.</t> </section>
<section anchor="LRR" numbered="true" toc="default">
</section> <name>Layer Refresh Request (LRR)</name>
<t>The <xref target="RFC9627" format="default">Layer Refresh Request
<section title="Layer Refresh Request (LRR)" anchor="LRR"> (LRR)</xref> allows a receiver to request a single layer of a
<t>The <xref target="I-D.ietf-avtext-lrr">Layer Refresh Request ( spatially or temporally encoded stream to be refreshed without
LRR)</xref> necessarily affecting the stream's other layers.</t>
allows a receiver to request a single layer of a spatially or <figure anchor="figureLRRIndexFormat" title="LRR Index Format">
temporally encoded stream to be refreshed, without necessarily <artwork name="" type="" align="left" alt=""><![CDATA[
affecting the stream's other layers.</t>
<figure anchor="figureLRRIndexFormat">
<artwork><![CDATA[
+---------------+---------------+ +---------------+---------------+
|0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7| |0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|
+---------------+---------+-----+ +---------------+---------+-----+
| RES | TID | RES | SID | | RES | TID | RES | SID |
+---------------+---------+-----+ +---------------+---------+-----+
]]></artwork> ]]></artwork>
</figure> </figure>
<t><xref target="figureLRRIndexFormat" format="default"/> shows the form
<t><xref target="figureLRRIndexFormat"/> shows the format at
of LRR's layer index fields for VP9 streams. The two "RES" of an LRR's layer index fields for VP9 streams. The two "RES"
fields MUST be set to 0 on transmission and ingnored on fields <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be set to 0 on transmission and ignore
reception. See <xref target="VP9payloadDescriptor"/> for d on
reception. See <xref target="VP9payloadDescriptor" format="defau
lt"/> for
details on the TID and SID fields.</t> details on the TID and SID fields.</t>
<t>Identification of a layer refresh frame can be derived from the <t>Identification of a layer refresh frame can be derived from
reference IDs of each frame by backtracking the dependency chain the reference IDs of each frame by backtracking the dependency
until reaching a point where only decodable frames are being chain until reaching a point where only decodable frames are
referenced. Therefore it's recommended for both the being referenced. Therefore, it's recommended for both the
flexible and the non-flexible mode that, when switching up points are flexible and the non-flexible mode that, when switching up
being encoded in response to a LRR, those packets should contain points are being encoded in response to an LRR, those packets
layer indices and the reference field(s) so that the decoder or a contain layer indices and the reference field or fields so
<xref target='RFC7667'>selective forwarding that the decoder or <xref target="RFC7667"
middleboxes</xref> can make this derivation.</t> format="default">selective forwarding middleboxes</xref> can
make this derivation.</t>
<t>Example:</t> <t>Example:</t>
<t>LRR {1,0}, {2,1} is sent by an MCU when it is currently <t>LRR {1,0}, {2,1} is sent by a Multipoint Control
relaying {1,0} to a receiver and which wants to upgrade to Unit (MCU) when it is currently
{2,1}. In response the encoder should encode the next frames relaying {1,0} to a receiver that wants to upgrade to
{2,1}. In response, the encoder should encode the next frames
in layers {1,1} and {2,1} by only referring to frames in in layers {1,1} and {2,1} by only referring to frames in
{1,0}, or {0,0}.</t> {1,0} or {0,0}.</t>
<t>In the non-flexible mode, periodic upgrade frames can be defined by
<t>In the non-flexible mode, periodic upgrade frames can be the layer structure of the SS; thus, periodic upgrade frames can be
defined by the layer structure of the SS, thus periodic upgrade automatically identified by the Picture ID.</t>
frames can be automatically identified by the picture ID.</t> </section>
</section>
</section> </section>
<section anchor="payloadFormatParameters" <section anchor="payloadFormatParameters" numbered="true" toc="default">
title="Payload Format Parameters">
<t>This payload format has three optional parameters, "max-fr", "max-fs",
and "profile-id".</t>
<t>The max-fr and max-fs <name>Payload Format Parameters</name>
parameters are used to signal the capabilities of a receiver <t>This payload format has three optional parameters: max-fr,
implementation. If the implementation is willing to max-fs, and profile-id.</t>
receive media, both parameters MUST be provided. These parameters MU <t>The max-fr and max-fs parameters are used to signal the capabilities
ST of a receiver implementation. If the implementation is willing to
NOT be used for any other purpose. A media sender SHOULD NOT send receive media, both parameters <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be provided. These
media with a frame rate or frame size exceeding the max-fr and max-f parameters <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> be used for any other purpose. A
s media sender <bcp14>SHOULD NOT</bcp14> send media with a frame rate or
values signaled. (There may be scenarios, such as pre-encoded frame size exceeding the max-fr and max-fs values signaled. (There may
media or <xref target='RFC7667'>selective forwarding be scenarios, such as pre-encoded media or <xref target="RFC7667"
middleboxes</xref>, where a media sender does not have media availab format="default">selective forwarding middleboxes</xref>, where a media
le sender does not have media available that fits within a receiver's
that fits within a receivers max-fs and max-fr value; in such max-fs and max-fr values; in such scenarios, a sender <bcp14>MAY</bcp14>
scenarios, a sender MAY exceed the signaled values.) exceed the signaled values.)
<list style="hanging"> </t>
<t hangText="max-fr:">The value of max-fr is an integer <dl newline="false" spacing="normal">
<dt>max-fr:</dt>
<dd>The value of max-fr is an integer
indicating the maximum frame rate in units of frames per indicating the maximum frame rate in units of frames per
second that the decoder is capable of decoding.</t> second that the decoder is capable of decoding.</dd>
<dt>max-fs:</dt>
<t hangText="max-fs:">The value of max-fs is an integer <dd>The value of max-fs is an integer
indicating the maximum frame size in units of macroblocks that indicating the maximum frame size in units of macroblocks that
the decoder is capable of decoding.</t> the decoder is capable of decoding.</dd>
<dt/>
<t>The decoder is capable of decoding this frame size as long <dd>The decoder is capable of decoding this frame size as long
as the width and height of the frame in macroblocks are less as the width and height of the frame in macroblocks are each les
than int(sqrt(max-fs * 8)) - for instance, a max-fs of 1200 s
than int(sqrt(max-fs * 8)); for instance, a max-fs of 1200
(capable of supporting 640x480 resolution) will support widths (capable of supporting 640x480 resolution) will support widths
and heights up to 1552 pixels (97 macroblocks).</t> and heights up to 1552 pixels (97 macroblocks).</dd>
<dt>profile-id:</dt>
<t hangText="profile-id:">The value of profile-id is an integer <dd>The value of profile-id is an integer indicating the default
indicating the default coding profile, the subset of coding coding profile (the subset of coding tools that may have been used to
tools that may have been used to generate the stream or that the generate the stream or that the receiver supports). <xref
receiver supports). <xref target="TableOfProfileIds"/> lists all target="TableOfProfileIds" format="default"/> lists all of the
of the profiles defined in section 7.2 of <xref target="VP9-BITST profiles defined in Section 7.2 of <xref target="VP9-BITSTREAM"
REAM"/> format="default"/> and the corresponding integer values to be
and the corresponding integer values to be used.</t> used.</dd>
<dt/>
<t>If no profile-id is present, Profile 0 MUST be inferred. (The <dd>If no profile-id is present, Profile 0 <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be inferr ed. (The
profile-id parameter was added relatively late in the developmen t of this profile-id parameter was added relatively late in the developmen t of this
specification, so some existing implementations may not send it. ) specification, so some existing implementations may not send it. )
</t> </dd>
<dt/>
<t>Informative note: See <xref target="TableOfProfiles"/> for cap <dd>Informative note: See <xref target="TableOfProfiles"
abilities format="default"/> for capabilities of coding profiles defined in Sectio
of coding profiles defined in section 7.2 of <xref target="VP9-BI n 7.2 of
TSTREAM"/>.</t> <xref target="VP9-BITSTREAM" format="default"/>.</dd>
</list></t> </dl>
<t>A receiver <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> ignore any parameter unspecified in this
<t>A receiver MUST ignore any parameter unspecified in this specification.</t>
specification.</t>
<texttable anchor="TableOfProfileIds" title="Table of profile-id
integer values representing the VP9 profile corresponding to the set of
coding tools supported.">
<ttcol align="center">Profile</ttcol>
<ttcol align="center">profile-id</ttcol>
<c>0</c><c>0</c>
<c>1</c><c>1</c>
<c>2</c><c>2</c>
<c>3</c><c>3</c>
</texttable>
<texttable anchor="TableOfProfiles" title="Table of profile
capabilities.">
<ttcol align="center">Profile</ttcol>
<ttcol align="center">Bit Depth</ttcol>
<ttcol align="center">SRGB Colorspace</ttcol>
<ttcol align="center">Chroma Subsampling</ttcol>
<c>0</c><c>8</c><c>No</c><c>YUV 4:2:0</c>
<c>1</c><c>8</c><c>Yes</c><c>YUV 4:2:2,4:4:0 or 4:4:4</c>
<c>2</c><c>10 or 12</c><c>No</c><c>YUV 4:2:0</c>
<c>3</c><c>10 or 12</c><c>Yes</c><c>YUV 4:2:2,4:4:0 or 4:4:4</c>
</texttable>
<section anchor="SDPParameters" title="SDP Parameters">
<section title="Mapping of Media Subtype Parameters to SDP">
<t>The media type video/VP9 string is mapped to fields in the
Session Description Protocol (SDP) <xref target="RFC8866"/> as
follows: <list style="symbols">
<t>The media name in the "m=" line of SDP MUST be video.</t>
<t>The encoding name in the "a=rtpmap" line of SDP MUST be VP9 <table anchor="TableOfProfileIds" align="center">
(the media subtype).</t> <name>Correspondence between profile-id to VP9 Profile Integer</name>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">Profile</th>
<th align="center">profile-id</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center">0</td>
<td align="center">0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">1</td>
<td align="center">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">2</td>
<td align="center">2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">3</td>
<td align="center">3</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table anchor="TableOfProfiles" align="center">
<name>Profile Capabilities</name>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">Profile</th>
<th align="center">Bit Depth</th>
<th align="center">SRGB Colorspace</th>
<th align="center">Chroma Subsampling</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center">0</td>
<td align="center">8</td>
<td align="center">No</td>
<td align="center">YUV 4:2:0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">1</td>
<td align="center">8</td>
<td align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center">YUV 4:2:2,4:4:0 or 4:4:4</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">2</td>
<td align="center">10 or 12</td>
<td align="center">No</td>
<td align="center">YUV 4:2:0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">3</td>
<td align="center">10 or 12</td>
<td align="center">Yes</td>
<td align="center">YUV 4:2:2,4:4:0 or 4:4:4</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<aside><t keepWithPrevious="true">Note: SRGB (often sRGB) = Standard Red-G
reen-Blue</t></aside>
<t>The clock rate in the "a=rtpmap" line MUST be 90000.</t> <section anchor="SDPParameters" numbered="true" toc="default">
<name>SDP Parameters</name>
<section numbered="true" toc="default">
<name>Mapping of Media Subtype Parameters to SDP</name>
<t>The parameters "max-fr" and "max-fs" MUST be included in <t>The media type video/vp9 string is mapped to fields in the
Session Description Protocol (SDP) <xref target="RFC8866" format="defa
ult"/> as
follows: </t>
<ul spacing="normal">
<li>The media name in the "m=" line of SDP <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be vi
deo.</li>
<li>The encoding name in the "a=rtpmap" line of SDP
<bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be VP9 (the media subtype).</li>
<li>The clock rate in the "a=rtpmap" line <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be 900
00.</li>
<li>The parameters max-fr and max-fs <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> be included
in
the "a=fmtp" line of SDP if the receiver wishes to declare its rec eiver the "a=fmtp" line of SDP if the receiver wishes to declare its rec eiver
capabilities. These parameters are expressed as a media subtype capabilities. These parameters are expressed as a media subtype
string, in the form of a semicolon separated list of string in the form of a semicolon-separated list of
parameter=value pairs.</t> parameter=value pairs.</li>
<li>The <bcp14>OPTIONAL</bcp14> parameter profile-id, when present,
<t>The OPTIONAL parameter profile-id, when present, SHOULD be <bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14> be
included in the "a=fmtp" line of SDP. This parameter is expressed included in the "a=fmtp" line of SDP. This parameter is expressed
as a media subtype string, in the form of a parameter=value as a media subtype string in the form of a parameter=value
pair. When the parameter is not present, a value of 0 MUST be pair. When the parameter is not present, a value of 0 <bcp14>MUST</
inferred for profile-id.</t> bcp14> be
</list></t> inferred for profile-id.</li>
</ul>
<section title="Example"> <section numbered="true" toc="default">
<name>Example</name>
<t>An example of media representation in SDP is as follows:</t> <t>An example of media representation in SDP is as follows:</t>
<sourcecode type="sdp"><![CDATA[m=video 49170 RTP/AVPF 98
<figure>
<artwork>m=video 49170 RTP/AVPF 98
a=rtpmap:98 VP9/90000 a=rtpmap:98 VP9/90000
a=fmtp:98 max-fr=30;max-fs=3600;profile-id=0 a=fmtp:98 max-fr=30;max-fs=3600;profile-id=0
</artwork> ]]></sourcecode>
</figure>
</section> </section>
</section> </section>
<section numbered="true" toc="default">
<section title="Offer/Answer Considerations"> <name>Offer/Answer Considerations</name>
<t>When VP9 is offered over RTP using SDP in an Offer/Answer model <t>When VP9 is offered over RTP using SDP in an Offer/Answer model
<xref target="RFC3264"/> for negotiation for unicast usage, the follow <xref target="RFC3264" format="default"/> for negotiation for unicast
ing usage, the following
limitations and rules apply: <list style="symbols"> limitations and rules apply: </t>
<t>The parameter identifying a media format configuration for VP9 i <ul spacing="normal">
s <li>The parameter identifying a media format configuration for VP9 i
profile-id. This media format configuration parameter MUST be used s
symmetrically; that is, the answerer MUST either maintain this profile-id. This media format configuration parameter <bcp14>MUST</
bcp14> be used
symmetrically; that is, the answerer <bcp14>MUST</bcp14> either mai
ntain this
configuration parameter or remove the media format (payload type) configuration parameter or remove the media format (payload type)
completely if it is not supported.</t> completely if it is not supported.</li>
<li>The max-fr and max-fs parameters are used declaratively to
<t>The max-fr and max-fs parameters are used declaratively to
describe receiver capabilities, even in the Offer/Answer model. describe receiver capabilities, even in the Offer/Answer model.
The values in an answer are used to describe the answerer's The values in an answer are used to describe the answerer's
capabilities, and thus their values are set independently of the capabilities; thus, their values are set independently of the
values in the offer.</t> values in the offer.</li>
<li>To simplify the handling and matching of these configurations, t
<t>To simplify the handling and matching of these configurations, he
the same RTP payload type number used in the offer <bcp14>SHOULD</bcp1
same RTP payload type number used in the offer SHOULD also be used 4> also be used
in the answer and in a subsequent offer, as specified in <xref in the answer and in a subsequent offer, as specified in <xref tar
target="RFC3264"/>. An answer or subsequent offer get="RFC3264" format="default"/>. An answer or subsequent offer
MUST NOT contain the payload type number used in the offer unless t <bcp14>MUST NOT</bcp14> contain the payload type number used in the
he offer unless the
profile-id value is exactly the same as in the original offer. profile-id value is exactly the same as in the original offer.
However, max-fr and max-fs parameters MAY be changed in subsequent However, max-fr and max-fs parameters <bcp14>MAY</bcp14> be change d in subsequent
offers and answers, with the same payload type number, if an endpo int offers and answers, with the same payload type number, if an endpo int
wishes to change its declared receiver capabilities.</t> wishes to change its declared receiver capabilities.</li>
</list></t> </ul>
</section> </section>
</section> </section>
</section> </section>
<section anchor="mediaTypeRegistration" title="Media Type Definition"> <section anchor="mediaTypeRegistration" numbered="true" toc="default">
<t>This registration is done using the template defined in <xref <name>Media Type Definition</name>
target="RFC6838"/> and following <xref target="RFC4855"/>. <list <t>This registration uses the template defined in <xref target="RFC6838" f
style="hanging"> ormat="default"/> and following <xref target="RFC4855" format="default"/>. </t>
<t hangText="Type name:">video</t>
<t hangText="Subtype name:">VP9</t>
<t hangText="Required parameters:">N/A.</t>
<t hangText="Optional parameters:"><vspace blankLines="0"/> <!--[rfced] Please note that after AUTH48 concludes, we will
There are three optional parameters, "max-fr", "max-fs", and "profil communicate any changes to the media type template in Section 7
e-id". to IANA for corresponding updates to
See <xref target='payloadFormatParameters' /> for their definition. https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/video/VP9 to be
</t> made.-->
<t hangText="Encoding considerations:"><vspace blankLines="0"/> <dl newline="false" spacing="normal">
<dt>Type name:</dt>
<dd>video</dd>
<dt>Subtype name:</dt>
<dd>VP9</dd>
<dt>Required parameters:</dt>
<dd>N/A</dd>
<dt>Optional parameters:</dt>
<dd>
There are three optional parameters: max-fr, max-fs, and profile-id.
See <xref target="payloadFormatParameters" format="default"/> for th
eir definition.
</dd>
<dt>Encoding considerations:</dt>
<dd>
This media type is framed in RTP and contains binary data; see This media type is framed in RTP and contains binary data; see
Section 4.8 of <xref target="RFC6838"/>.</t> <xref target="RFC6838" sectionFormat="of" section="4.8"
format="default"/>.</dd>
<t hangText="Security considerations:">See <xref <dt>Security considerations:</dt>
target="securityConsiderations"/> of RFC xxxx. <vspace <dd>
blankLines="0"/> [RFC Editor: Upon publication as an RFC, please <t>See <xref target="securityConsiderations" format="default"/> of RFC
replace "XXXX" with the number assigned to this document and 9628. </t>
remove this note.]</t>
<t hangText="Interoperability considerations:">None.</t>
<t hangText="Published specification:">VP9 bitstream format <xref
target="VP9-BITSTREAM"/> and RFC XXXX. <vspace blankLines="0"/> [RFC
Editor: Upon publication as an RFC, please replace "XXXX" with the
number assigned to this document and remove this note.] <vspace
blankLines="0"/></t>
<t hangText="Applications which use this media type:"><vspace
blankLines="0"/> For example: Video over IP, video
conferencing.</t>
<t hangText="Fragment identifier considerations:">N/A.</t
>
<t hangText="Additional information:">None.</t>
<t </dd>
hangText="Person &amp; email address to contact for further informat <dt>Interoperability considerations:</dt>
ion:"><vspace <dd>None</dd>
blankLines="0"/> Jonathan Lennox &lt;jonathan.lennox@8x8.com&gt;</t> <dt>Published specification:</dt>
<dd>
<t>VP9 bitstream format <xref target="VP9-BITSTREAM" format="default"/
> and RFC 9628. </t>
<t hangText="Intended usage:">COMMON</t> </dd>
<dt>Applications that use this media type:</dt>
<dd> For example, video over IP, video
conferencing.</dd>
<dt>Fragment identifier considerations:</dt>
<dd>N/A</dd>
<dt>Additional information:</dt>
<dd>None</dd>
<dt>Person &amp; email address to contact for further information:</dt>
<dd><t><contact fullname="Jonathan Lennox"/> &lt;jonathan.lennox@8x8.com
&gt;</t></dd>
<dt>Intended usage:</dt>
<dd>COMMON</dd>
<dt>Restrictions on usage:</dt>
<dd> This media type depends on RTP framing; hence, it is only defined
for transfer via RTP <xref target="RFC3550" format="default"/>.</dd>
<dt>Author:</dt>
<dd><t><contact fullname="Jonathan Lennox"/> &lt;jonathan.lennox@8x8.com
&gt;</t></dd>
<t hangText="Restrictions on usage:"><vspace blankLines="0"/> This <!--[rfced] Please review the entry for "Change Controller" in Section
media type depends on RTP framing, and hence is only defined for 7. While we see similar text for the vp8 and vc2 entries, we want to
transfer via RTP <xref target="RFC3550"/>.</t> confirm that this entry has been reviewed with the following in
mind from
https://www.iana.org/help/protocol-registration:
<t hangText="Author:">Jonathan Lennox &lt;jonathan.lennox@8x8.com&gt "The IESG shouldn't be listed as a change controller unless the
;</t> RFC that created the registry (e.g. port numbers, XML namespaces
and schemas) requires it. The IETF should be named instead."
<t hangText="Change controller:"><vspace blankLines="0"/> IETF -->
AVTCore Working Group delegated from the IESG.</t>
</list></t>
</section>
<section anchor="securityConsiderations" title="Security Considerations" <dt>Change controller:</dt>
> <dd> IETF
AVTCore Working Group delegated from the IESG.</dd>
</dl>
</section>
<section anchor="securityConsiderations" numbered="true" toc="default">
<name>Security Considerations</name>
<t>RTP packets using the payload format defined in this specification <t>RTP packets using the payload format defined in this specification
are subject to the security considerations discussed in the RTP are subject to the security considerations discussed in the RTP
specification <xref target="RFC3550"/>, and in any applicable RTP specification <xref target="RFC3550" format="default"/>, and in any
profile such applicable RTP profile such as <xref target="RFC3551"
as <xref target='RFC3551'>RTP/AVP</xref>, <xref target='RFC4585'>RTP/AVPF< format="default">RTP/AVP</xref>, <xref target="RFC4585"
/xref>, format="default">RTP/AVPF</xref>, <xref target="RFC3711"
<xref target='RFC3711'>RTP/SAVP</xref>, format="default">RTP/SAVP</xref>, or <xref target="RFC5124"
or <xref target='RFC5124'>RTP/SAVPF</xref>. format="default">RTP/SAVPF</xref>. However, as "<xref target="RFC7202" fo
However, as <xref target='RFC7202'>"Securing the RTP Protocol rmat="title"/>" <xref target="RFC7202"
Framework: Why RTP Does Not Mandate a Single Media format="default"></xref> discusses, it is not an RTP
Security Solution"</xref> discusses, it is not an RTP payload format's res payload format's responsibility to discuss or mandate what solutions are
ponsibility to used to meet the basic security goals like confidentiality, integrity,
discuss or mandate what solutions are used to meet the and source authenticity for RTP in general. This responsibility lies with
basic security goals like confidentiality, integrity and source
authenticity for RTP in general. This responsibility lays on
anyone using RTP in an application. They can find guidance on available anyone using RTP in an application. They can find guidance on available
security mechanisms in <xref target='RFC7201'>Options for Securing security mechanisms in "<xref target="RFC7201" format="title"/> <xref targ
RTP Sessions</xref>. Applications SHOULD use one or more appropriate et="RFC7201" format="default"></xref>. Applications <bcp14>SHOULD</bcp14>
strong security mechanisms. The rest of this security use one or more appropriate strong security mechanisms.</t>
consideration section discusses the security impacting properties of the <t>Implementations of this RTP payload format need to take appropriate
payload format itself.</t> security considerations into account. It is extremely important for the
decoder to be robust against malicious or malformed payloads and ensure
<t>Implementations of this RTP payload format need to take appropriate sec that they do not cause the decoder to overrun its allocated memory or
urity otherwise misbehave. An overrun in allocated memory could lead to
considerations into account. It is extremely important for the decoder to arbitrary code execution by an attacker. The same applies to the
be encoder, even though problems in encoders are (typically) rarer.</t>
robust against malicious or malformed payloads and ensure that they do not <t>This RTP payload format and its media decoder do not exhibit any
cause the decoder significant non-uniformity in the receiver-side computational complexity
to overrun its allocated memory or otherwise mis-behave. An overrun in al for packet processing; thus, they are unlikely to pose a denial-of-service
located memory could lead to threat due to the receipt of pathological data. Nor does the RTP payload
arbitrary code execution by an attacker. The same applies to the encoder, format contain any active content.</t>
even
though problems in encoders are typically rarer.</t>
<t>This RTP payload
format and its media decoder do not exhibit any significant
non-uniformity in the receiver-side computational complexity for packet
processing, and thus are unlikely to pose a denial-of-service threat due
to the receipt of pathological data. Nor does the RTP payload format
contain any active content.</t>
</section> </section>
<section anchor="congestionControl" numbered="true" toc="default">
<section anchor="congestionControl" title="Congestion Control"> <name>Congestion Control</name>
<t>Congestion control for RTP SHALL be used in accordance with RFC 3550 <t>Congestion control for RTP <bcp14>SHALL</bcp14> be used in accordance
<xref target="RFC3550"/>, and with any applicable RTP profile; e.g., RFC with <xref target="RFC3550" format="default"/>, and with any
3551 <xref target="RFC3551"/>. The congestion control mechanism can, in applicable RTP profile, e.g., <xref target="RFC3551"
a real-time encoding scenario, adapt the transmission rate by format="default"/>. The congestion control mechanism can, in a real-time
instructing the encoder to encode at a certain target rate. Media aware encoding scenario, adapt the transmission rate by instructing the
network elements MAY use the information in the VP9 payload descriptor encoder to encode at a certain target rate. Media-aware network elements
in <xref target="VP9payloadDescriptor"/> to identify non-reference <bcp14>MAY</bcp14> use the information in the VP9 payload descriptor in
frames and discard them in order to reduce network congestion. Note that <xref target="VP9payloadDescriptor" format="default"/> to identify
discarding of non-reference frames cannot be done if the stream is non-reference frames and discard them in order to reduce network
encrypted (because the non-reference marker is encrypted).</t> congestion. Note that discarding of non-reference frames cannot be done
if the stream is encrypted (because the non-reference marker is
encrypted).</t>
</section> </section>
<section anchor="IANAConsiderations" numbered="true" toc="default">
<name>IANA Considerations</name>
<section anchor="IANAConsiderations" title="IANA Considerations"> <t>IANA has registered the media type registration "video/vp9"
<t>The IANA is requested to register the media type registration as specified in <xref target="mediaTypeRegistration" format="default"/>.
"video/vp9" as specified in <xref The media type has also been added to the
target="mediaTypeRegistration"/>. The media type is also "RTP Payload Format Media Types" <eref
requested to target="https://www.iana.org/assignments/rtp-parameters"
be added to the IANA registry for "RTP Payload Format MIME types" brackets="angle"/> subregistry of the "Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP)
&lt;http://www.iana.org/assignments/rtp-parameters&gt;.</t> Paramaeters" registry as follows.</t>
</section>
<section title="Acknowledgments"> <dl spacing="compact">
<t>Alex Eleftheriadis, Yuki Ito, Won Kap Jang, Sergio Garcia <dt>Media Type:</dt><dd>video</dd>
Murillo, Roi Sasson, Timothy Terriberry, Emircan Uysaler, and <dt>Subtype:</dt><dd>VP9</dd>
Thomas Volkert commented on the development of this document and <dt>Clock Rate (Hz):</dt><dd>90000</dd>
provided helpful comments and feedback.</t> <dt>Reference:</dt><dd>RFC 9628</dd>
</dl>
</section> </section>
</middle> </middle>
<back> <back>
<references title='Normative References'> <references>
<name>References</name>
<reference anchor='VP9-BITSTREAM' target='https://storage.googleapis.co <references>
m/downloads.webmproject.org/docs/vp9/vp9-bitstream-specification-v0.6-20160331-d <name>Normative References</name>
raft.pdf'>
<front>
<title>VP9 Bitstream &amp; Decoding Process Specification</titl
e>
<author initials='A' surname='Grange' fullname='Adrian Grange'> <reference anchor="VP9-BITSTREAM" target="https://storage.googleapis.com
<organization>Google</organization> /downloads.webmproject.org/docs/vp9/vp9-bitstream-specification-v0.6-20160331-dr
</author> aft.pdf">
<author initials='P' surname='de Rivaz' fullname='Peter de Riva <front>
z'> <title>VP9 Bitstream &amp; Decoding Process Specification</title>
<organization>Argon Design</organization> <author initials="A" surname="Grange" fullname="Adrian Grange">
</author> <organization>Google</organization>
<author initials='J' surname='Hunt' fullname='Jonathan Hunt'> </author>
<organization>Argon Design</organization> <author initials="P" surname="de Rivaz" fullname="Peter de Rivaz">
</author> <organization>Argon Design</organization>
<date month='March' day='31' year='2016' /> </author>
<abstract> <author initials="J" surname="Hunt" fullname="Jonathan Hunt">
<t> <organization>Argon Design</organization>
</author>
<date month="March" day="31" year="2016"/>
<abstract>
<t>
This document defines the bitstream format and decoding process for the This document defines the bitstream format and decoding process for the
Google VP9 video codec. Google VP9 video codec.
</t> </t>
</abstract> </abstract>
</front>
</front> <seriesInfo name="Version" value="0.6"/>
<seriesInfo name='Version' value='0.6' /> </reference>
</reference> <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.R
FC.2119.xml"/>
&rfc2119; <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.R
FC.8174.xml"/>
&rfc8174; <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.R
FC.4585.xml"/>
&rfc4585; <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.R
FC.3550.xml"/>
&rfc3550; <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.R
FC.8866.xml"/>
&rfc8866; <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.R
FC.6838.xml"/>
&rfc6838; <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.R
FC.4855.xml"/>
&rfc4855; <xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.R
FC.5104.xml"/>
&rfc5104;
&lrr; <!-- [I-D.ietf-avtext-lrr] companion document RFC 9627 -->
<reference anchor="RFC9627" target="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9627">
<front>
<title>The Layer Refresh Request (LRR) RTCP Feedback Message</title>
<author initials="J." surname="Lennox" fullname="Jonathan Lennox">
<organization>Vidyo, Inc.</organization>
</author>
<author initials="D." surname="Hong" fullname="Danny Hong">
<organization>Vidyo, Inc.</organization>
</author>
<author initials="J." surname="Uberti" fullname="Justin Uberti">
<organization>Google, Inc.</organization>
</author>
<author initials="S." surname="Holmer" fullname="Stefan Holmer">
<organization>Google, Inc.</organization>
</author>
<author initials="M." surname="Flodman" fullname="Magnus Flodman">
<organization>Google, Inc.</organization>
</author>
<date month="August" year="2024" />
</front>
<seriesInfo name="RFC" value="9627" />
<seriesInfo name="DOI" value="10.17487/RFC9627"/>
&rfc3264; </reference>;
<xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.R
FC.3264.xml"/>
</references>
<references>
<name>Informative References</name>
<xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.R
FC.3551.xml"/>
<xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.R
FC.5124.xml"/>
<xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.R
FC.6386.xml"/>
<xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.R
FC.7201.xml"/>
<xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.R
FC.7202.xml"/>
<xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.R
FC.7667.xml"/>
<xi:include href="https://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml/reference.R
FC.3711.xml"/>
</references>
</references> </references>
<section numbered="false" toc="default">
<references title='Informative References'> <name>Acknowledgments</name>
<t><contact fullname="Alex Eleftheriadis"/>, <contact fullname="Yuki
&rfc3551; Ito"/>, <contact fullname="Won Kap Jang"/>, <contact fullname="Sergio
Garcia"/> <contact fullname="Murillo"/>, <contact fullname="Roi
&rfc5124; Sasson"/>, <contact fullname="Timothy Terriberry"/>, <contact
fullname="Emircan Uysaler"/>, and <contact fullname="Thomas Volkert"/>
&rfc6386; commented on the development of this document and provided helpful
feedback.</t>
&rfc7201; </section>
&rfc7202;
&rfc7667;
&rfc3711;
</references>
</back> </back>
</rfc> </rfc>
<!-- LocalWords: PictureID DCT Hadamard WHT SSRC CSRC pyld hdr FI VER RPSI
-->
<!-- LocalWords: stPartitionSize SDP AVPF SRTP IANA PID PICIDX TID
-->
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